منابع مشابه
Public works and social protection in sub-Saharan Africa Do public works work for the poor?
متن کامل
Underestimating Costs in Public Works Projects
Comparative studies of actual and estimated costs in transportation infrastructure development are few. Where such studies exist, they are typically single-case studies or they cover a sample of projects too small to allow systematic, statistical analyses (Bruzelius et al., 1998; Fouracre et al., 1990; Hall, 1980; Nijkamp & Ubbels, 1999; Pickrell, 1990; Skamris & Flyvbjerg, 1997; Szyliowicz & G...
متن کاملThe Expanded Public Works Programme: Reflections from South Africa
This article reviews public works programmes as a way to alleviate poverty using experiences from around the world in general and South Africa in particular. It interrogates the targeting mechanisms including the question of who benefits, the type of benefit as well as the type of public works. The article argues that the design of public works must take cognizance of whether the initiative is ...
متن کاملEnvironmental Criteria in the Spanish Public Works Procurement Process
Green Public Procurement (GPP) is defined as a process of contracting products, services, and works with the least possible damage to the environment during their life cycle. In order to improve the knowledge about GPP, a study of the use of environmental tendering criteria in the Spanish public construction sector has been performed. The results of this study show that the use of environmental...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Harvard Law Review
سال: 1939
ISSN: 0017-811X
DOI: 10.2307/1333469